What is Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer & treatment?

 

What is Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer?

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) formerly known as superficial bladder cancer, is a common, heterogeneous disease associated with high rates of recurrence that often requires lifelong surveillance. The cancer is found in the tissue that lines the inner surface of the bladder wherein the bladder muscle is not involved. Approximately 70–80% patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer present with a form of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), such as non-invasive papillary tumour (pTa), carcinoma in situ (CIS; pTis), or early invasive tumour (non-muscle invasive; pT1).

These tumours characteristically recur in 50–70% of cases, with only approximately 10–20% of cases progressing to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) with or without intravesical therapy, such as mitomycin C (MMC) or Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), is the current standard of treatment for NMIBC. Intravesical BCG is commonly used as an adjuvant treatment after TURBT for intermediate-high-risk NMIBC. The main treatments when the cancer cells are found only in the bladder’s inner lining (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer) are surgery, intravesical immunotherapy (BCG) and intravesical chemotherapy.

Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treatment

Surgery, on its own or combined with other treatments, is used in most cases. The market is expected to grow by factors like the expected entry of emerging therapies with novel targets and pricing. Furthermore, the upcoming products such as Adstiladrin, Vicinium, N-803, TLD-1433, CG0070 and Keytruda are anticipated to expand the market with a deeper penetration in the 7MM. Around half of all Bladder Cancers are diagnosed at the early, NMIBC stage (stage 0–I) indicates that cancer cells are found only within the inner layer of the bladder wall. As with many cancers, an early diagnosis is likely to improve the chances of survival. Approximately one-third of cases are diagnosed when cancer has spread deeper within the bladder, which is known as MIBC (stages II and III). In the remaining cases, cancer has spread to surrounding muscles and organs – and is known as metastatic BC (stage IV).