Psoriasis is a common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. It causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. The extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful.
According to National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF), plaque psoriasis is the most common form of psoriasis and appears as raised, red patches covered with a silvery white buildup of dead skin cells. These patches or plaques most often show up on the scalp, knees, and elbows and lower back. They are often itchy and painful, and they can crack and bleed.
The characteristic signs and symptoms of psoriasis are small scaly, red bumps. These bumps generally join together into elevated plaques of skin and most often are visible on the elbows, knees, and scalp, although any area of skin can be involved. Frequently, these plaques are quite itchy. Rarely, most of the patient's skin surface is affected. In the US population, Psoriasis affects 0.6 to 4.8 percent and about 30% of affected patients have a first-degree relative with the disease.
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Psoriasis is considered equally prevalent in both sexes. However, out of all studies that reported prevalence by sex in Global report of Psoriasis by World Health Organization, some of them indicate that psoriasis is more common in men. This issue needs further investigation.
Approximately 80 percent of those affected with psoriasis have mild to moderate disease, while 20 percent have moderate to severe psoriasis affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface area. - The most common form of psoriasis, affecting about 80 to 90 percent of psoriasis patients, is plaque psoriasis. It is characterized by patches of raised, reddish skin covered with silvery-white scale.
There is currently no cure for Psoriasis, but treatment can slow the growth of skin cells and relieve pain and itching. The type of therapy is dependent on the severity of the disease. Topical agents are generally preferred for mild disease, while phototherapy alone or in combination with systemic agents is generally recommended for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
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The first line of active treatments for plaque psoriasis involves the use of topical agents such as moisturizers, vitamin D creams, topical retinoids, and medications such as TAZORAC®, Duobrii (Ortho Dermatologics), and coal tar. TAZORAC (Allergan, Inc) Gel, 0.05%, and 0.1% is indicated for the topical treatment of patients with plaque psoriasis of up to 20% body surface area involvement. It was approved by the FDA in 1997 and is widely used as a topical agent for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Duobrii (Ortho Dermatologics) is a combination of halobetasol propionate, a corticosteroid, and tazarotene, a retinoid prodrug. It is specifically indicated for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults and was approved in 2019 by the FDA.
Phototherapy, oral-systemic agents, and/or injectable biological therapies are recommended when topical therapy fails. Phototherapy is a mainstay treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, especially in psoriasis that is unresponsive to topical agents. It is available as psoralen plus UVA, broadband UVB, and narrowband UVB (NB-UVB). Owing to its efficacy and safety advantages, as shown in multiple RCTs, NB-UVB therapy is often used as a first-line treatment.
Systemic treatments are often used in combination with topical therapy and phototherapy for patients with severe psoriasis. Currently available systemic treatment options include oral agents and injectable biological therapies. The therapies include Amevive (Biogen IDEC), Cimzia (UCB), Cosentyx (Novartis), Ilumya (Sun Pharmaceuticals), Otezla (Celgene), Skyrizi (AbbVie), and many others.
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Amevive (Biogen IDEC) is an immunosuppressive dimeric fusion protein that reduces lymphocyte counts (T- cells) thus treating the cause of psoriasis. It is indicated in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. It was approved in 2003 by the FDA.
Cimzia (UCB), approved in 2018 by the US FDA, is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is specifically indicated for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. Cosentyx (Novartis) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine and inhibits its interaction with the IL-17 receptor.
Cosentyx is specifically indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. Ilumya (Sun Pharmaceuticals) is an interleukin-23 antagonist and is specifically indicated for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. It was approved by the FDA in 2018.
Otezla (Celgene) is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), a proinflammatory mediator, and is specifically indicated for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. It was approved in 2014 by the FDA.
Skyrizi (AbbVie) is an interleukin-23 (IL-23) antagonist. IL-23 is involved in inflammation and is thought to be associated with several chronic immune-mediated diseases, including psoriasis. It is specifically indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. It was approved in 2019 by the FDA.
Overall, the global Plaque Psoriasis Therapeutics market is further expected to increase by the major drivers such as rising prevalent population, technological advancements, and upcoming therapies in the forecast period [2020-2030].
Major players such as Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dermavant Sciences GmbH, Arcutis, Inc., Avillion LLP are involved in developing therapies for the treatment and management of Plaque Psoriasis. These therapies are currently under different stages of development. Tapinarof (Dermavant Sciences GmbH) and BMS- 986165 (Bristol-Myers Squibb) are in the late stages (Phase III) of development. Whereas, ARQ-151 (Arcutis, Inc.) and M1095 (Avillion LLP) are currently in the Phase II stage of development. The expected launch of these therapies might fuel the market of Plaque Psoriasis during the forecast period (2017-2030).
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