Advanced Liver Cancer is a stage IV Liver Cancer in which the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and may have grown into nearby blood vessels or organs. It does not often metastasize but when it does, it is most likely to spread to the lungs and bones. It is further categorized into IVA and IVB stages. In stage IVA the cancer have grown into blood vessels or the organs around the liver and has spread to lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body. While in stage IVB the cancer spread to another part of the body such as the lungs or bones.
In general, Liver cancer is the growth and spread of unhealthy cells in the liver. Based upon tumor growth, size and its metastasis, it is categorized into four stages as stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and is higher in people with long-term liver diseases.
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Some common symptoms of the disease include weight loss, loss of appetite, upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, abdominal swelling, Yellow discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), chalky stools etc. As per Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Men are more likely to develop liver cancer than women.
When liver cancer is in advanced stage, treatment won’t be able to cure it. It aims to control cancer, relieve symptoms and give a good quality of life to the patient. Advanced Liver Cancer is hard to treat because it has already spread to other organs as well, so most treatment concentrates on making patients feel better and perhaps live longer. Advanced Liver Cancer spread either to the lymph nodes or to other organs and because they are widespread, they cannot be treated with surgery, so the only option left is through medication.
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Targeted cancer drugs work in different ways to control cancer. This includes stopping signals that tell cancer cells to divide and grow, and stopping cancer cells from growing new blood vessels. The targeted therapy drugs like Sorafenib (Nexavar) or Lenvatinib (Lenvima), help to control the growth of cancer for a time and may help you live longer. Lenvatinib is first-line treatment option of patients with unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). If these drugs fail to show any effect then other targeted drugs, such as Regorafenib (Stivarga) or Cabozantinib (Cabometyx), or the immunotherapy drug Nivolumab (Opdivo) might be helpful.
Treatments such as Radiation Therapy might also be used to help relieve pain and other symptoms. Ablation therapy and Embolization are other options available that help to improve the symptoms without a surgical procedure.
The available targeted therapies have various sides effects like, Sorafenib (Nexavar) include fatigue, rash, high blood pressure, sores on the hands and feet and loss of appetite. So there is a need for several new drugs in the market for proper treatment of Advanced Liver Cancer.
Key players such as Benhealth Biopharmaceutical (Shenzhen), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Can-Fite BioPharma and many others are developing therapies for the treatment of patients with Advanced Liver Cancer. CIK and CD3-MUC1 (Benhealth Biopharmaceutical), MLN0128 (Millennium Pharmaceuticals), CF102 (Can-Fite BioPharma) along with other compelling treatment options in the clinical trials is expected to increase the overall market size of Advanced Liver Cancer.
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