What is the Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease?

 

The prevalence of Disk Degeneration over the entire spine was 71% in men and 77% in women aged <50 years,” and gender was not significantly associated with region specific degeneration. However, women are more in number than men in case of Cervical DDD. 

The prevalence of DDD in the lumbar region ranged from 20% to 83% (Battie et al.); in thoracic region it is reported that the highest prevalence at T7/8, followed by T6/7 in the thoracic region (Matsumoto et al.); overweight was a significantly associated factor in the cervical and thoracic regions, and obesity was a significantly associated factor in all regions (M. Teraguchi et al.).

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Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) and the resulting low back pain impart a large socio-economic impact on the health care system. According to a recent Institute of Medicine report, the financial burden is estimated to be at least USD560 to USD635 billion annually, which equates to USD 2000.00 per capita. 

DDD is responsible for approximately USD 30 to 40 billion in direct medical costs annually, of which USD 18.3 billion is related to ambulatory care. In addition, it is a major cause of lost productivity and estimated that over 3-5% of the U.S. work force is compensated for back pain or injury each year, with approximately 187 million missed work days and wage losses accounting for an additional USD 22.4 billion in indirect costs (AAOS, 2009). 

In addition, productivity loss estimates stemming from missed workdays range between USD 297 to USD 336 billion. The ways in limiting disc degeneration or even inducing disc regeneration are still desirable goals in its treatment. 

While current strategies aim to remove the pain generator through surgery, future, emerging modalities aim to reverse the degenerative cascade through the use of biologics and gene modification. The available therapeutics treatment options in Degenerative Disk Disease Landscape.

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