Commonly seen complications from disease progression
include low blood cell count, low numbers of platelets. Gastrointestinal,
pulmonary, or central nervous system (CNS) complications are also seen as MCL
is extranodal. Although there is a lack of agreement in the medical literature
on specific risk factors for MCL but family history and certain genetic changes
have been identified that increase the risk. It has been observed that it
affects males about four times as commonly as females. Apart from that Age is a
risk factor; the median age of MCL onset is 60 years of age with an age range
of 35-85 years.
There are 4 stages in mantle cell lymphoma and staging
determines extent of disease, or how much the cancer has spread, and where it
is located. It helps doctors to develop a prognosis and tailor treatment to
individual patients and minimize potential toxic effects of therapy.
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Mantle cell lymphoma is diagnosed based upon a detailed
patient history, thorough clinical evaluation and a variety of tests, including
a biopsy of an affected lymph node or the bone marrow, blood tests, PET/CT scan
and imaging tests like CAT. Treatment depends upon the severity and spread rate
of the disease. Certain therapies are used to treat mantle cell lymphoma which
includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, CAR T –Cell therapy. If
the patient doesn’t respond to these, targeted therapies are used. Stem cell
therapy is is suggested only if lymphoma is aggressive or returns after
treatment.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is typically an aggressive, rare,
form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that arises from cells originating in the
“mantle zone”. The abnormal B Lymphocytes start to collect in the lymph nodes
or body organs. They can then form tumors and begin to cause problems within
the lymphatic system or the organ where they are growing.
About 85% of patients with MCL have a characteristic genetic
lesion known as reciprocal translocation which is a major cause of MCL. In this
genetic change, the short segment of one chromosome are moved to another chromosome.
This change is considered a driver in the behavior of MCL, which likely works
together with other genetic defects to cause MCL.
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