Hematopoietic stem cells (also referred as just stem cells)
are unique cells that are primarily located in the bone marrow and mature into
a number of blood cell types found in the body. In adults, most stem cells can
be found in the bone marrow. Stem cells that leave the bone marrow and
circulate into the bloodstream are called peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs).
Autologous stem cell transplant is one type of hematopoietic
stem cell transplant, where the patient’s previously collected stem cells are
infused back into the body through the bloodstream like a blood transfusion.
The stem cells then travel through the blood to the bone marrow, where they
make their home. These cells then grow and divide to produce mature WBCs, RBCs,
and platelets.
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The blood cells that are most important for stem cell
transplantation are these white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and
platelets. Although very few PBSCs are found outside the bone marrow in the
bloodstream, their numbers can be increased by providing certain drug
treatments, known as mobilization agents.
Stem cell transplant is used commonly to treat forms of
blood cancer, most commonly non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma
(MM). A stem cell transplant allows a patient to receive high-dose chemotherapy
and/or radiation to kill the rapidly dividing cancer cells and to make room for
new, healthy cells.
To be able to proceed to stem cell transplant, collection of
enough stem cells is required. These stem cells are collected before receiving
high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation. The cells are then preserved,
frozen, and stored until the time of transplant.
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